BIOCOOLING

The vision of BIOCOOLING, Bio-based solvents for the technological development of novel wet compression/absorption CO₂ refrigeration systems, is the integration of mixtures of CO₂ with biomass-based solvents (BBS) as working fluids for wet compression/absorption refrigeration (WCA) machines with advanced measurements and novel modeling.

Recent reports from the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) estimate that 8% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are attributed to refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pumps. Of these, 60% are indirect emissions associated with the manufacture of the more than 3 billion refrigeration units operating worldwide and the production of electricity to operate them (17% of global electricity consumption), and 40% are direct emissions from the refrigerant itself that is unintentionally released during maintenance, decommissioning or through leaks. Our vision is needed to meet the challenges posed by alternative, clean refrigeration fluids and systems that address climate change and tackle global warming. To this end, this project embarks on the development of a new series of very low-polluting refrigerants for energy-efficient refrigeration cycles.

The starting assumption of BIOCOOLING is that a comprehensive thermodynamic characterization and modeling of CO₂ with different BBS will lead to the development of safer, environmentally friendly and efficient refrigeration systems. The overall objectives are:

• The characterization of promising natural refrigerants composed of CO₂ and different BBS using experimental data and thermodynamic models, for: (i) the direct use of the developed models in the design and validation of WCA cycles; and (ii) the fundamental understanding of the interactions and structure of mixtures at the molecular level and their relationship with their thermodynamic properties, which will potentially facilitate the search for new promising BBS for this or other applications.
• Investigation of the behavior and efficiency of the proposed refrigerants in WCA systems by evaluating the efficiency of reference models of these cycles and performing numerical simulations of their operation.